FREE NEWSLETTER

The logic is brutal: Before costs, investors collectively earn the market’s return. After costs, we inevitably lag behind.

Latest PostsAll Discussions »

Adam Grossman on The Long View

"Thanks Bill - I had not seen Adan's Boglehead presentation."
- Rick Connor
Read more »

The Boy Who Tried Hard: A Reflection

"I suspect parents, who believe they are doing the correct thing for a child, can and do err. We can really get caught up in “knowing better.”"
- Marilyn Lavin
Read more »

Billionaires, taxes and you

"The gap between the very wealthy and everyone else is wide and growing. Allowing very wealthy individuals to pay little or no tax because they fund their lifestyle by borrowing against their equities is gaming the system. My wife and I, retirees, are comfortable and have no worries about running out of money as we age. We would gladly pay additional taxes to ensure that there is more affordable housing and fewer people struggled from paycheck to paycheck. Yes, the top 10% pay 70% of the income taxes. They should be glad that they have enough to eat and have housing they can afford."
- Ocher
Read more »

Should Retirees Get a Temporary Flat Tax Window on IRA and 401(k) Withdrawals?

"It is an interesting proposal. However, if I were a member of Congress, I wouldn't feel a compelling need to do this. By law, the money is going to come out anyway, and often at higher tax rates."
- Sharon Pichai
Read more »

Beefing Up Security

MANY OF US HAVE little more than a weak, reused password standing between our financial assets and a remote attacker—one armed with powerful tools and a database of passwords from security breaches. This is a losing battle. It’s the most likely way for weak computer security to put our finances at risk. Think this can’t happen to you? I’ll bet you have at least one password taken in a big security breach. A quick way to find out is entering your email address at Troy Hunt’s HaveIBeenPwned site. My address turns up in almost a dozen big cyberattacks. We are notoriously bad at creating strong passwords and remembering them. When you decide to create stronger, unique passwords for each site, you quickly discover that managing dozens of randomly generated, site-specific passwords by hand is a headache. Don’t fret. Password managers like LastPass, Dashlane and 1Password make short work of it. A password manager puts all your passwords in an encrypted vault, leaving you with just one password to remember. You want to make this password really strong and unforgettable. The password manager then fills in the right password for mobile apps and websites whenever you use them. What can you expect from a good manager?
  • Up-to-date access to your password vault on all devices, regardless of the device’s operating system.
  • Updates to your vault as you create new accounts or update existing passwords.
  • A random password generator that creates really strong, unique passwords. Those passwords will meet each site’s requirements for length and allowed characters.
  • A security challenge which guides you through the work of replacing existing poor passwords—those which are known to be compromised, weak or easily guessed, or which you’ve used more than once.
  • Emergency access to your vault by someone you choose, as well as password sharing with, say, family members for your Amazon Prime or Netflix account.
  • Two-factor authentication for extra vault security.
Some of these are only available in paid versions of the service. Despite knowing better, I procrastinated in evaluating password managers. That changed the day I tried to picture life for my spouse after I leave this vale of tears. I visualized the chores I handle: Banking, bill paying and investment management all involve online accounts. That brought my password problem into focus. A list of passwords in a binder, next to our wills, isn’t secure and it’s a pain to keep up. After experimenting with a free trial, I bought a family subscription. Moving my password vault from low-ranked to the top 1% took a couple of weekends. Each weekend, I’d spend an hour or two changing passwords, guided by the security challenge and with help from the password generator. Do this on your home PC or Mac, not an office computer. I started with high-value accounts: email, cellular carrier, and then banks and brokerages. Why email? Most web sites let you reset a password by emailing a link to the address on file. If hackers have access to your inbox, they’ll use it to access every online account. The cellular account is also important if you’ve enabled two-factor authentication that triggers text messages with secure codes. What if someone hacks into your password manager’s vault? If you pick a great vault password, the odds of this are low. But when you have all your eggs in one basket, you want to ensure that basket stays safe. That’s what led me to the YubiKey 5 series hardware keys. When you use a YubiKey with a password manager, the manager encrypts your vault twice, once with your vault password and again with a secret it gets from the YubiKey. For convenience, I’m using two models of YubiKey. I use YubiKey 5 Nano with my PC and Mac. Meanwhile, YubiKey 5 NFC stays on my keyring for use with my phone. The latter should work with an iPhone 7 or newer, as well as an Android phone with NFC (near field communication). David Powell has written software or led engineering teams for 35 years. He enjoys work, vegan fine dining, cycling and travel with his spouse. His previous article was Playing Defense. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

Money & Me (Kindle version) has dropped

"I am half way through the book as of yesterday evening. Enjoyable read and classic Jonathan Clements."
- William Perry
Read more »

Don’t Kick The Can Down The Road

"Mark, Per AI the eighth wonder quote is attributed to Einstein, but there is no proof."
- David Lancaster
Read more »

Percentage that “age in place”

"We are in Sarasota, Florida. We lived about two miles away from the CCRC we ultimately chose - it’s in a well-established neighborhood about 8 miles south of downtown Sarasota. Interestingly, our immediate area seems to have become “hot” … with good restaurants with no parking hassles, and about to get a Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s."
- Chris G
Read more »

Inflation and Innovation

ECONOMICS IS KNOWN as “the dismal science,” and perhaps for good reason. Oftentimes it can be abstract and overly academic. There are, however, certain economic concepts that can be helpful to individual investors. Below are two that I see as especially important. When it comes to the government’s ability to control—or least influence—the economy, there are two main levers. The first is fiscal policy, which refers to Congress’s (as well as state and local governments') ability to levy taxes and to spend money.  The most well known economist associated with fiscal policy was John Maynard Keynes. During economic downturns, Keynes argued, governments shouldn’t hesitate to spend more—and to run deficits, if need be—to help reduce unemployment and lift the economy back up. This is a generally accepted concept today, but in the 1930s, in the depths of the Great Depression, it was not obvious, and many believe that policymakers’ efforts to exercise fiscal discipline by balancing the budget during the Depression ended up prolonging the misery. It wasn’t until the mid-1930s, in fact, that President Roosevelt changed his view on this question. In their correspondence, Keynes convinced Roosevelt that loosening up on fiscal discipline, though counterintuitive, was the best way to bring the economy back to health. This approach has been used in every recession since. Most recently, during the pandemic, the government issued several rounds of stimulus payments to help bolster consumer finances. Monetary policy is the government’s second key lever. Unlike fiscal policy, monetary policy is the domain of the Federal Reserve. When you hear about the government “printing money,” it’s the Fed they’re referring to. Through a unique process, the Fed is able to create dollars out of thin air and then to use those dollars to help support the economy during downturns. During the pandemic, the Fed created trillions of new dollars through this mechanism. The Fed also lowered short-term interest rates, which it controls, in a further effort to nudge consumers to open their wallets. Both fiscal and monetary policy are powerful. But as we’ve seen in recent years, each can also carry side effects.  In the case of fiscal policy, spending too much for too long can drive the deficit to unsustainable levels. This has become a persistent problem. Though it’s now been several years since the pandemic, the federal government is still running deficits of about $2 trillion per year. In round numbers, taxes bring in about $5 trillion, but spending exceeds $7 trillion. Of particular concern is the fact that more than $1 trillion of that $7 trillion must now be allocated to interest payments on all the accumulated debt. To put that in perspective, we’re now spending more on interest than on defense. Is this situation sustainable? Here’s how I think about it: Imagine an individual with an annual income of $50,000 who spends $70,000 each year, including $10,000 in credit card payments. At some point, something will need to change, but neither political party seems interested in tackling it, for the obvious reason that any solution would require either raising taxes or cutting spending. Neither would be popular, so the deficits persist. The consequence of overdoing it with monetary policy is also serious: inflation. That’s what we saw very significantly in 2021 and 2022, and that’s where monetary and fiscal policy can become intertwined. For a brief period during the pandemic, a concept known as Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) gained popularity. The argument was that countries like the United States, with very large economies, were essentially immune to inflation risk and could print money almost without limit. It turned out, though, that MMT was a theory with no basis in reality, and that deficits do matter. Since ancient times, excessive use of monetary policy has always resulted in inflation, and that was exactly what we saw as a result of the Fed’s extraordinary monetary interventions in 2020. After inflation rose to nearly 10% in 2022, the Fed was forced to reverse course and raise interest rates. That had the desired effect of slowing inflation, but it then caused another problem: Since the government has to issue new bonds practically every day, higher rates have the effect of driving up the government’s borrowing costs, which then worsens the deficit. Higher interest rates also hurt consumers, especially those looking to buy homes. This, unfortunately, describes the situation we’re in today. In an effort to combat the pandemic, the government used both of the levers that it had, but now it’s effectively out of ammunition. Federal debt held by the public just recently climbed above 100% of gross domestic product for the first time since 1946. The Wall Street Journal referred to this as “a once-unthinkable threshold.” But before we declare the situation hopeless, it’s important to look at a separate concept in economics.  In 1942, Harvard economist Joseph Schumpeter released a book titled Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Among the concepts Schumpeter proposed was the notion of “creative destruction.” The idea—central to capitalist systems—was that entrepreneurs could always be counted on to move technology forward. At the same time, this meant that older technologies and companies would regularly find themselves pushed aside by new innovations. Importantly, though, Schumpeter argued that the net effect would be greatly positive. The evidence in favor of Schumpeter is all around us. Horse-and-buggy companies went out of business when the automobile was invented. Pony Express gave way to the telegram, then to the telephone. Typewriter manufacturers are mostly gone. And so on. And yet, despite all these changes, unemployment is under 5%, the economy is larger than it’s ever been, and income-per-capita is at an all-time high. What’s the relationship between Schumpeter’s theory and the earlier discussion about the government’s debt situation? You may recall that in the late-1990s, the federal government surprised observers when it began to run budget surpluses after years of deficits. How did things suddenly improve? Most attribute it to the productivity boom and stock market rally set in motion by the popularization of the internet. It's too early to know whether artificial intelligence will deliver the same economic benefits in the coming years as the web did 30 years ago. But as investors, this history is important to keep in mind. It’s a reminder that, in making financial decisions, we should be careful about reacting to economic forecasts. To be sure, the government’s financial health doesn’t look great, but as history has shown, this could change.   Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles.
Read more »

Taste Bud Training

"I love it, Mark, keep 'em coming."
- Dan Smith
Read more »

Gift to Myself

LATE LAST OCTOBER, I was one of the first to move into the new building at my chosen continuing care retirement community, or CCRC. Now, more than five months later, I’m more confident than ever that I made a good decision.

I’m in my mid-70s, single and childless, with relatives 3,000 miles distant in both directions. Both bathrooms at my old home were up 15 stairs. Aging in place was not a good option.

Now, I have a large apartment, with two bedrooms, two bathrooms, a den and a balcony. There's plenty of daylight, including in the kitchen, which has full-size appliances and a huge island. The washer and dryer, also huge, have their own closet. My study—with its six bookcases and a big desk—occupies the second bedroom. The setup of both the study and the main bedroom are effectively unchanged from my house. The apartment is cleaned weekly—I'm planning to switch to every other week—and the guy who answers my maintenance requests is great.

There’s no shortage of advice on “aging well,” which generally includes recommendations to exercise, eat a healthy diet and stay socially engaged. Since I moved in, I've been using the weight machines and the treadmill in the well-equipped gym, and I'm starting tai chi. In the week ahead, for those of us in independent living, there's a choice of more than 40 exercise classes, including aqua exercise, barre and cardio strength—and that doesn’t count table tennis and pickleball games.

Right now, I'm staying with my primary care physician, rather than switching to the onsite clinic, but I’m getting my vaccinations there. I could attend a webinar on tinnitus next week or one on diet later in the month. And I've already seen the continuing care concept at work: A couple of residents injured themselves during move-in. After time in hospital, they stayed in the CCRC’s skilled nursing facility, before being cleared to move into their apartments. 

There's a lot going on, including charitable activity for both onsite and offsite recipients. Residents run the gift shop and a semi-annual yard sale to raise money for the residents’ association. This funds the budgets for 15 main committees and a number of sub-committees, including the library, which is run by residents and led by a former professional librarian. A professional director for the choir and a trainer for the dance team are also paid out of these funds. A residents’ council with elected representatives from the various floors and cottage groupings oversees the association's budget and acts as the liaison with management.

There are separate fund-raising drives for the foundation that supports residents who run out of money and for employee appreciation. (There's no tipping.) Then there's an annual event for Rise Against Hunger, and ongoing projects for homeless veterans and a local charity shop. Plenty of social events, too. I volunteer in the gift shop and the library, and put puzzles together for the charity shop. I've been on lunch outings, socialized at “meet and greets,” attended committee meetings, classes and onsite entertainment, and made new friends.

I've seen complaints on HumbleDollar about living with a bunch of old people. Of course, there are very old people here—residents seem to live a long time. There are also a lot of less old people, especially in the new building where I live. Some people are still working, while others are active volunteers offsite. You need to be at least age 62 to move in, but your spouse could be as young as 55.

Food is a perennial topic of conversation, and its quality varies. There’s some excellent but expensive food—paid in dining points—which I indulge in only once or twice a month. The two bars offer very good bar snacks that don't quite make a meal. A sit-down restaurant with table service usually has good food, but occasionally misses. Other options are a not-bad cafe and a food-court-style eatery that I find short on healthy options. Still, the dining director does listen to residents and some better choices are showing up. For instance, all locations recently switched from white to brown rice.

Between making new friends and volunteering, I’ve been staying very busy—so busy, in fact, that I’m blocking off Sunday as “introvert recharge day.” A friend who’s considering his next move is concerned that a CCRC is no place for an introvert. But if you want to eat all your meals in your apartment, and only venture out to pick up your food and your mail, you could. Still, given the advice to maintain social connections as we age, that doesn't seem like a particularly good idea.

It's a bit early for me to be sure how the financial side will work out. My move wasn't cheap—I’d used the same senior movers before—and I had some distinctly expensive periodontal work done in December and January. I’ll know more when I see the effect of the change on my tax situation. Part of my monthly fee is deductible as a pre-paid medical expense, as was part of my entry fee.

Existing residents are extremely welcoming and seem happy. I still believe, as I and others have posted here before, that a move to a CCRC is the best gift you can give your kids. If you're childless, it's the best gift you can give to yourself. But research is critical. Avoid for-profit CCRCs, make sure the facility will keep you if you run out of money, check the financials and be sure to visit in person.

Kathy Wilhelm, who comments on HumbleDollar as mytimetotravel, is a former software engineer. She took early retirement so she could travel extensively. Some of Kathy's trips are chronicled on her blog. Born and educated in England, she has lived in North Carolina since 1975. Check out Kathy's previous articles.

[xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]

Read more »

Adam Grossman on The Long View

"Thanks Bill - I had not seen Adan's Boglehead presentation."
- Rick Connor
Read more »

The Boy Who Tried Hard: A Reflection

"I suspect parents, who believe they are doing the correct thing for a child, can and do err. We can really get caught up in “knowing better.”"
- Marilyn Lavin
Read more »

Billionaires, taxes and you

"The gap between the very wealthy and everyone else is wide and growing. Allowing very wealthy individuals to pay little or no tax because they fund their lifestyle by borrowing against their equities is gaming the system. My wife and I, retirees, are comfortable and have no worries about running out of money as we age. We would gladly pay additional taxes to ensure that there is more affordable housing and fewer people struggled from paycheck to paycheck. Yes, the top 10% pay 70% of the income taxes. They should be glad that they have enough to eat and have housing they can afford."
- Ocher
Read more »

Should Retirees Get a Temporary Flat Tax Window on IRA and 401(k) Withdrawals?

"It is an interesting proposal. However, if I were a member of Congress, I wouldn't feel a compelling need to do this. By law, the money is going to come out anyway, and often at higher tax rates."
- Sharon Pichai
Read more »

Beefing Up Security

MANY OF US HAVE little more than a weak, reused password standing between our financial assets and a remote attacker—one armed with powerful tools and a database of passwords from security breaches. This is a losing battle. It’s the most likely way for weak computer security to put our finances at risk. Think this can’t happen to you? I’ll bet you have at least one password taken in a big security breach. A quick way to find out is entering your email address at Troy Hunt’s HaveIBeenPwned site. My address turns up in almost a dozen big cyberattacks. We are notoriously bad at creating strong passwords and remembering them. When you decide to create stronger, unique passwords for each site, you quickly discover that managing dozens of randomly generated, site-specific passwords by hand is a headache. Don’t fret. Password managers like LastPass, Dashlane and 1Password make short work of it. A password manager puts all your passwords in an encrypted vault, leaving you with just one password to remember. You want to make this password really strong and unforgettable. The password manager then fills in the right password for mobile apps and websites whenever you use them. What can you expect from a good manager?
  • Up-to-date access to your password vault on all devices, regardless of the device’s operating system.
  • Updates to your vault as you create new accounts or update existing passwords.
  • A random password generator that creates really strong, unique passwords. Those passwords will meet each site’s requirements for length and allowed characters.
  • A security challenge which guides you through the work of replacing existing poor passwords—those which are known to be compromised, weak or easily guessed, or which you’ve used more than once.
  • Emergency access to your vault by someone you choose, as well as password sharing with, say, family members for your Amazon Prime or Netflix account.
  • Two-factor authentication for extra vault security.
Some of these are only available in paid versions of the service. Despite knowing better, I procrastinated in evaluating password managers. That changed the day I tried to picture life for my spouse after I leave this vale of tears. I visualized the chores I handle: Banking, bill paying and investment management all involve online accounts. That brought my password problem into focus. A list of passwords in a binder, next to our wills, isn’t secure and it’s a pain to keep up. After experimenting with a free trial, I bought a family subscription. Moving my password vault from low-ranked to the top 1% took a couple of weekends. Each weekend, I’d spend an hour or two changing passwords, guided by the security challenge and with help from the password generator. Do this on your home PC or Mac, not an office computer. I started with high-value accounts: email, cellular carrier, and then banks and brokerages. Why email? Most web sites let you reset a password by emailing a link to the address on file. If hackers have access to your inbox, they’ll use it to access every online account. The cellular account is also important if you’ve enabled two-factor authentication that triggers text messages with secure codes. What if someone hacks into your password manager’s vault? If you pick a great vault password, the odds of this are low. But when you have all your eggs in one basket, you want to ensure that basket stays safe. That’s what led me to the YubiKey 5 series hardware keys. When you use a YubiKey with a password manager, the manager encrypts your vault twice, once with your vault password and again with a secret it gets from the YubiKey. For convenience, I’m using two models of YubiKey. I use YubiKey 5 Nano with my PC and Mac. Meanwhile, YubiKey 5 NFC stays on my keyring for use with my phone. The latter should work with an iPhone 7 or newer, as well as an Android phone with NFC (near field communication). David Powell has written software or led engineering teams for 35 years. He enjoys work, vegan fine dining, cycling and travel with his spouse. His previous article was Playing Defense. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

Money & Me (Kindle version) has dropped

"I am half way through the book as of yesterday evening. Enjoyable read and classic Jonathan Clements."
- William Perry
Read more »

Don’t Kick The Can Down The Road

"Mark, Per AI the eighth wonder quote is attributed to Einstein, but there is no proof."
- David Lancaster
Read more »

Percentage that “age in place”

"We are in Sarasota, Florida. We lived about two miles away from the CCRC we ultimately chose - it’s in a well-established neighborhood about 8 miles south of downtown Sarasota. Interestingly, our immediate area seems to have become “hot” … with good restaurants with no parking hassles, and about to get a Whole Foods and Trader Joe’s."
- Chris G
Read more »

Free Newsletter

Get Educated

Manifesto

NO. 66: WE SHOULD build a low-cost, globally diversified stock and bond portfolio, so we’re highly likely to achieve our goals—no matter which parts of the financial markets shine.

act

AIM TO BE debt-free by retirement. If you aren’t, you’ll have an added living cost to cover. That could necessitate larger IRA withdrawals or selling winning stocks in your taxable account. This extra income could trigger taxes on your Social Security benefit and larger Medicare premiums. Want to avoid that? Pay off all debt before you quit the workforce.

Truths

NO. 54: RISK GETS rewarded—usually. To earn high investment returns, we need to take high risk. But not all risk gets rewarded: Stocks should climb over time, but there’s no guarantee any one stock will triumph. Even entire national stock markets can suffer long periods of lousy returns, which is a reason to diversify globally and own some bonds.

think

IMPUTED RENT. Folks love to boast about their home’s price appreciation. But after deducting maintenance costs, property taxes and insurance, we might barely break even on the price gain. Instead, often the biggest return comes from the imputed rent—the fact that we get to live in the place. Each year’s imputed rent might equal 6% or 7% of a home’s value.

Help others

Manifesto

NO. 66: WE SHOULD build a low-cost, globally diversified stock and bond portfolio, so we’re highly likely to achieve our goals—no matter which parts of the financial markets shine.

Spotlight: Retirement

Getting Going

WITH THE ADVANTAGE of advanced age and flawless hindsight, I now believe the three most important contributors to retirement prosperity are a robust savings rate, an aggressive allocation to stocks and funding tax-free accounts, both Roth and health savings accounts (HSAs).
What about other financial factors, such as the investments we pick, whether we buy income annuities, when we claim Social Security and what Medicare choices we make? These matter on the margin, but I don’t think they’re as crucial to a successful retirement. 

Read more »

IRS 2026 Updates

SECTION 415(D) OF the IRC requires the Secretary of the Treasury (IRS) to annually adjust limitations for cost-of-living increases. So, let’s dive into some of the changes:
 
401(k), 403(b), and Most 457 Plans:

For 2026, the 401(k)/403(b)/457(b) amount you can contribute is increasing from $23,500 to $24,500. If you are in a 24% marginal tax rate, that’s an additional $240 of federal taxes you can defer. If you are over age 50, the catch-up contributions are also increasing by $500,

Read more »

Today’s the Day!

Well, I tried to stay up until midnight to pop a cork, but it just wasn’t happening. So today I woke up as a retired person!  If you’ve read my articles from 2024 on the topic, you know this didn’t sneak up on me.
My road through the logistics of retiring from two university systems and applying for Medicare went…somewhat smoothly. I was pretty meticulous in my preparation. I attended webinars for both systems last year and put the application dates on my calendar.

Read more »

The Fear of Letting Go

Retirement sounded so great to me a few years ago. Now as I face the reality of it, I find myself having panic attacks. “No more income? I will end up a homeless bag lady on Main Street….” I find myself thinking.
All irrational thoughts since I will have a COLA pension supplemented by my savings and will receive social security in 18 months.  These revenues will come close to matching my current net pay when I start social security.

Read more »

Roth Hidden Benefits

WHEN MOST PEOPLE think of Roth IRAs or Roth 401(k)s, they just think “tax-free withdrawals.” But that’s only part of the story.
Roth accounts can protect you from financial traps that catch many retirees off guard. Here are five key advantages to keep in mind:
 
1. Tax Rate Protection
One thing we can’t control is future tax rates.
Did you know that in the 1980s, the highest federal tax rate was 50%?

Read more »

Quinn’s grand new way to plan for a secure retirement. It’s called the McDonalds strategy

Last year I earned $16.68 an hour – sort of. That’s more than the minimum wage in all but the District of Columbia and for California fast food workers who earn $20 and hour. Fast food workers are mostly part-time, I on the other hand are no time.
That hourly rate is my dividends and interest converted to a equivalent full-time employment. 🤑 I suspect capital gains would boost that a bit- or maybe not this year.

Read more »

Spotlight: Yeigh

Penniless at Last

IN AN EARLIER ARTICLE, I noted that my savings journey began in 1960 with a couple of jars of pennies that I started collecting at age five. I was following family ancestor Ben Franklin’s maxim that “a penny saved is a penny earned.” One of my uncles also had an interest in coin collecting. He and I began to actively search through countless penny rolls to find pennies with dates that we didn’t have. We bought Whitman coin albums and organized our pennies by date from the earliest Lincoln head pennies from 1909 up through the 1960s. We expanded our collection to include sets of Buffalo and Jefferson nickels, Mercury and Roosevelt dimes, and Washington silver quarters, plus any older coin we happened upon. Occasionally, we found Indian head pennies, Liberty nickels, Barber dimes or Walking Liberty quarters still in circulation. These dimes and quarters contained 90% silver through 1964, so they had a recognized commodity value. Our coin-collecting hobby lasted for eight years. During those eight years, we amassed five nearly complete Lincoln penny sets, missing only the rare 1909 penny minted in San Francisco with the initials V.B.D. for its engraver. One of these pennies in fine condition can cost more than $1,000. We had jars of old duplicate pennies as well. We assembled a couple of complete sets of Jefferson nickels and Roosevelt dimes. Our most valuable collection was the three nearly complete sets of Mercury dimes, lacking only a rare 1916 10-cent piece minted in Denver. We accumulated plenty of duplicate year silver coins as well. My uncle passed away in 1968 due to complications from polio, and my interests shifted. That’s when my coin collection went into hibernation, stored in various basements untouched for 50 years. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] I have no interest in pursuing this hobby…
Read more »

Plan on Change

IN MY ONGOING EFFORT to reduce our accumulated stuff, I was trolling through our collection of old thumb drives to see what I should download, save or toss. Among them, I discovered the 258-page presentation from a two-day retirement course that my old employer sponsored in 2006. I wondered how the advice had—17 years on—stood the test of time. As I reviewed it, I found some excellent suggestions and some that were lacking, though I hesitate to fault the presentation’s authors. I felt the course deserves an “A” for its detailed discussion of retirement lifestyle choices and investment planning. Company benefits were also exhaustively reviewed. We were told what benefits we were entitled to, and I recall employees and their spouses found those discussions comforting. In addition, most—but not all—Social Security issues were thoroughly reviewed. The tradeoff between claiming early at age 62 or waiting until an employee’s full Social Security retirement age, which would be 65 to 67, was covered. The potential for higher benefits by delaying claiming until age 70 wasn’t highlighted, however. The benefits of the “file and suspend” strategy for married couples also weren’t discussed—but, then again, this loophole was eliminated before I retired in 2017. I would give the presentation a “C” for its coverage of supplemental health and life insurance coverage. My employer later reduced those benefits, so these discussions are irrelevant now. Four areas deserve only a “D” grade. The course spent little, if any, time on the so-called stretch IRA, withdrawal rates, sequence-of-return risk, and strategies for taking income from a mix of taxable, tax-deferred and Roth accounts. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] What overall grade would I award the presentation? You might think it would average out to a “C” or maybe a generous “B.” But unfortunately, I’d give the course only a “D”—because, as…
Read more »

Give Early and Often

KEY PROVISIONS IN 2017’s Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) will expire in 2026 unless Congress steps in. That means folks have a two-year window to prepare. What’s at stake? Income-tax rates will increase for many taxpayers. This creates an incentive to boost income over the next few years by, say, undertaking Roth conversions to shrink traditional retirement accounts and thereby lowering future required minimum distributions. The sunsetting of key TCJA provisions would also cut the threshold for federal estate taxes in half, from an estimated $14 million per individual in 2025 to $7.1 million in 2026. The limit for married couples is double these amounts, though—to capture a deceased spouse’s estate-tax exclusion—the surviving spouse must typically file an estate tax return within nine months of the first spouse’s death. Got wealth that’s above the projected 2026 threshold of $7.1 million for individuals and $14.2 million for married couples? You should almost certainly consult an estate attorney. Two common strategies are to use trusts or lifetime gifting to capture today’s high exemptions before 2026. The IRS has confirmed that there will be no “claw-back” if you take advantage of today’s high threshold. The lower 2026 estate exemptions of $7.1 million or $14.2 million—assuming today’s higher limits are allowed to sunset—would continue to cover 99.8% of us. Still, retirees with a few million dollars of financial assets might want to review their estate plan, especially if they’re married or if they have significant assets in traditional retirement accounts, where all withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income. Why? Married couples can face tax and income penalties after the first spouse dies—what’s commonly referred to as the “widow’s penalty.” The surviving spouse is potentially subject to the quadruple whammy of a reduced standard deduction, filing as a single taxpayer rather than married filing…
Read more »

TINA Is Dead

OVER THE PAST FEW weeks, my wife and I did something we hadn’t done in four years: We bought bonds. Specifically, we parked some money in one- to two-year Treasurys paying 4.3% to 4.6%—the highest rates in 15 years. Our portfolio now approaches 5% bonds, and we plan to buy more. We’re waiting to capture higher rates following the expected Federal Reserve rate increases. Bonds represent a seismic shift for us. In early 2020, I even wrote that the 60% stock-40% bond portfolio seemed dead, thanks to near-zero interest rates. But today, bonds are back, and it’s TINA (there is no alternative to stocks) that now appears dead. We recognize that our bonds are losing to inflation in the short term. Still, as retirees, we may be hurt less by inflation because many of our costs are either fixed or in decline, including housing, transportation and education. Also, inflation should eventually come down. In 2021, I also wrote about our use of covered calls on high-dividend stocks as a sort of bond proxy. In today’s bear market, this approach has held up well because the stocks involved haven’t been crushed like technology stocks. In fact, some of these “value” stocks remain near all-time highs, despite the market downturn. Our bond-proxy approach resulted in our portfolio regularly having a stock allocation of more than 90% through much of the 2021 TINA era. This year, we thought it prudent to reduce our stock exposure due to a mix of personal and market changes. We bought a second home in January. This required some stock sales, plus we now need to maintain a larger stash of operating and emergency cash. We have also ramped up our vacation spending after a two-year pandemic hiatus. On top of that, inflation provides another reason for a…
Read more »

Reluctant Spenders

A 2021 SURVEY by the Employee Benefit Research Institute found that three-quarters of retirees said the value of their financial assets was the same or higher than when they first retired. This finding was consistent from the poorest respondents to those with the most wealth. The typical time in retirement for the respondents was seven to 10 years. One implication: Retirees may be underspending their accumulated wealth. EBRI examined five reasons for this possible underspending: Saving assets for unforeseen costs later in retirement Don’t feel spending down assets is necessary Want to leave as much as possible to heirs Feel better if account balances remain high Fear of running out of money The first two reasons—"saving for tomorrow” and “no current need to spend”—were reported by almost half of respondents. By contrast, a “fear of running out of money” was mentioned by only a fifth of those surveyed.
Read more »

Unloaded

"YOU'RE FIRED" WAS made famous by Donald Trump as host of The Apprentice. Imagine my surprise when my broker delivered the same message to me two years ago. In 2015, my job was transferred to Texas. I opted to become a long-distance commuter, while my family stayed in Maryland. Around that time, we moved homes, so our son could attend a better high school. In addition, I was helping to launch two huge long-term work projects. In the midst of this, my father passed away. That meant we also needed to settle his estate, sell his car and house, and deal with my parents’ countless possessions. I inherited his financial accounts, but didn’t have time to deal with them, as our life was on overload. Fortunately, my father’s investments were well diversified and didn’t overlap with our own portfolio. He had a broker that he especially liked. The broker was attentive, called regularly and took my father out for a couple of lunches each year. I likewise found his—now my—broker to be knowledgeable, a good communicator and likeable. Since I didn’t need to make any immediate changes to the accounts, I thought I’d give the broker a shot. A year later, when our family life was more settled, I began to review the inherited accounts and consider how they fit with our portfolio. For example, a modest-sized IRA was invested in eight different mutual funds, which together offered excellent diversification. I started to research the funds, which were mostly C shares, one of the three main broker-sold load fund share classes. The first thing I discovered was that the average annual management fee of the eight funds was a whopping 1.6%. The fees ranged from around 1% to more than 2%. Some of the funds had sales charges of up…
Read more »