It Sure Adds Up
Dennis Friedman | Sep 16, 2020
MY FINANCIAL ADVISOR has been on a mission to reduce my investment costs. He’s been replacing my low-cost, broad-based index mutual funds with the exchange-traded fund (ETF) version. He believes this will improve my investment returns over the long run. For instance, if you own Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund—a mutual fund—you're currently paying 0.11% in annual expenses. But Vanguard's ETF alternative charges just 0.08%, equal to a savings of three cents a year for every $100 invested. That might seem small, but my advisor assures me it can translate into significant savings over time. You purchase mutual funds directly from the fund company involved, with the price set as of the 4 p.m. ET market close, while ETFs can be traded whenever the stock market is open. I believe switching to ETFs is the right thing to do. But I had doubts about how large the savings would turn out to be. It’s hard to imagine saving three cents a year on every $100 can amount to a whole lot of money. The upshot: Using NerdWallet's mutual fund fees calculator, I decided to see how higher costs can impact a hypothetical $1 million retirement portfolio that enjoys 9% annual stock returns and 3% bond returns over a 25-year period. I used Vanguard mutual fund and ETF expense ratios to determine the estimated 25-year cost, basing the calculation on a hypothetical portfolio with the following initial asset allocation: Vanguard Total Stock Market Index 35%, Total Bond Market Index 35%, Total International Stock Index 15% and Total International Bond Index 15%. Thereafter, no further money was added, and the portfolio wasn’t rebalanced. Result? Check out the accompanying table. Keep in mind that the ETF cost excludes the modest sum you might lose to the bid-ask spread when you buy or sell…
Read more » Market Turmoil
Dennis Friedman | Apr 7, 2025
I spend a lot of my free time reading, especially newspapers, which may seem odd to you given the dramatic drop in newspaper subscriptions over the years. I subscribe to three digital newspapers, and their breaking news alerts—which find their way into my email account—keep me busy. Lately, I’ve been bombarded with news about tariffs and the recent stock market decline. I have no idea how long this economic turmoil will last, and from what I’ve read, neither does anyone else. But here are three observations from the news that have caught my attention: Don’t Panic: Ron Lieber points out in his New York Times article that the time to panic about how the new tariff policy will affect prices and the stock market might be when Costco raises the price of its $1.50 hot dog-and-soda combo. The price hasn’t risen since 1985, and Costco’s chief financial officer has suggested they will never raise it. It Might Take a While: Edward Yardeni, President of Yardeni Research and successful at picking market bottoms, said that this usually happens after the Federal Reserve has taken action. But Jerome Powell, the Fed chair, has made it clear the central bank won’t intervene anytime soon until it understands the tariffs' effects on the economy. Don’t Miss Out: Diane Harris gives these eye-popping statistics in her column: “If you missed the 10 best days over the 20 years from 2005 to 2024, you would have reduced your returns by more than 40 percent, according to J.P. Morgan; If you missed 30 of the best days out of the roughly 5,000 trading days during that period, you’d have lost money, after inflation." Maybe the takeaway from these comments is that it’s best to sit tight and not panic. It might take a while for the stock…
Read more » Too Thrifty?
Dennis Friedman | Dec 26, 2020
I NEVER REALLY LIKED the vehicles that I owned. They were an unimpressive lot, including a Volkswagen Beetle, Mercury Capri, Toyota SR5 pickup, Toyota Camry and Ford Fusion. I would like to say they got me where I needed to go, but that wasn’t always the case. All the cars, except for the Camry, were unreliable, which would sometimes make my life stressful and difficult. Of course, keeping those cars for many years didn’t help. When I think about it, I didn’t really like the homes I lived in, either. They included small apartments, without many of the standard conveniences you’d expect when renting or buying a home. Some of my apartments were downright terrible. In 1979, I rented a studio apartment located on an alley above a garage. The apartment had poor insulation. It would get so cold in the winter, it felt like the North Pole, and it would get so hot in the summer, it felt like Death Valley. It was so small a friend who visited asked if the place had a bathroom. It wasn’t the safest place to live. A drug dealer lived in the apartment next to me, my car was broken into more than once and one day someone stole my clothes from the laundry room. I stayed there for six years, putting up with all the discomfort and trouble that surrounded me. The small 789-square-foot condominium I purchased in 1985 was an upgrade, but it wasn’t a place you’d want to stay for 35 years, which is what I did. A young lady, about the same age I was when I first moved into that studio apartment above the garage, bought my condo earlier this year. Her real estate agent informed me that this was just a starter home for her and she’d…
Read more » Changing My Mind
Dennis Friedman | Jun 19, 2020
THIS PANDEMIC HAS changed the way we live: Many people are physically distancing themselves, washing their hands more often and wearing a mask when they’re around others. But it’s also changed how I think about money—in six ways: 1. Emergency savings. Before the pandemic, I always thought a cash emergency fund equal to six months’ living expenses would be sufficient. Not anymore. The massive economic shutdown has led to millions of unemployed Americans—and it will take longer than six months for many of these folks to find work again. The implication: Perhaps we need not six months of emergency money, but one to three years of living expenses in a high-yield savings account or a short-term bond fund. 2. Bonds for safety. With yields so low, many people are again questioning bonds’ value as an asset class. Yes, we won’t earn much income from bonds in today’s environment. But their worth is in the safety they offer in difficult times. We should view purchasing high-quality bonds in the same way we view a homeowner’s insurance policy. Both will protect us from catastrophic events. Just like an insurance policy, the true value of bonds isn’t recognized until a crisis hits. Both the Great Recession and this year’s bear market has shown that U.S. government bonds perform well during economic calamity and can add stability to an investment portfolio. 3. Wall Street isn’t Main Street. During this pandemic, Wall Street-traded large corporations are faring much better than Main Street’s independent small businesses. The S&P 500 is down just 3.6% in 2020 because investors feel big companies will quickly recover. In fact, large firms like Netflix, Amazon and Clorox are experiencing rising sales during the pandemic. Meanwhile, there are thousands of small businesses in survival mode. They don’t have the financial resources of large…
Read more » Naming Names
Dennis Friedman | Aug 1, 2019
I JUST WENT TO SEE a lawyer about making changes to my trust and will. It’s been some 20 years since I had my revocable living trust drawn up, and a lot of things in my life have changed since then. For most folks, it’s difficult to decide how they want their estate distributed upon their death. Consider five questions: Should the division of your assets be based solely on relationships, leaving your assets to immediate family, your lover or perhaps close friends who are an important part of your life? Should you consider how people treated you? Should you base the distribution of your estate on each person’s financial needs? If you have children, should each get an equal share, so there are no hard feelings? If you have grandchildren, do you leave money for their college education? For some people, it’s an easy decision. I have a friend who has a son and daughter. He says he hasn’t seen his daughter in about 30 years. He has never seen his grandchildren, who are ages 25 and 28. The only time he talks to his daughter is when she needs money. Meanwhile, he has a close relationship with his son, who looks after him and provides companionship. He decided to give his son everything, except $5,000 for his daughter. His rationale: She may be his daughter by blood, but she doesn’t behave like one in real life. I have another friend who passed away last year. He has no family, except for a nephew who lives in another state. He had a girlfriend who took him to all his doctor’s appointments and chemotherapy treatments. She cared for him until the very end. Although his girlfriend stayed with him and provided him comfort, he gave his whole estate to his nephew.…
Read more » Retirement Begins Long Before You Retire
Dennis Friedman | Sep 15, 2025
Including my time delivering newspapers, I’ve had a total of ten different employers in my life. Some jobs were more memorable than others. One of my early roles was at a company that created merchandise catalogs for department stores. I was twenty—shy, insecure, and working part-time while attending college. I mostly did the tasks no one else wanted: vacuuming, taking out the trash, cleaning the bathrooms. Yet, two women at that company saw potential in me that I couldn’t yet see in myself. One was Leni, the owner. She encouraged me to switch my major from history to business and promised that if I earned a business degree, she would make me her right-hand person. The other was Jodi, my age, who worked on staging photo shoots—and sometimes modeled herself. Fred from shipping insisted she liked me, but I never had the courage to find out. I never took Leni up on her offer. Perhaps it was because her son, who also worked there, didn’t like me. Or maybe I simply didn’t believe in myself. As for Jodi, I never asked her out. I couldn’t imagine someone like her being interested in a guy who cleaned toilets and had no plan for his life. My shyness held me back, too. These days, I’m no longer that shy, self-doubting kid. I tend to speak my mind—which brings me to retirement. Looking back, I realize that the habits I struggled with in my early jobs—self-doubt, hesitation, and risk avoidance—can have real consequences later in life, especially as we approach retirement. Some of what I’m about to say might be uncomfortable, but it’s important. Here are three ways people sabotage their own retirement: 1. Neglecting our health On a seven-hour flight to Amsterdam, the man next to me drank two regular Cokes, a…
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Direct Indexing Anyone?
ostrichtacossaturn7593 | May 10, 2026
"Direct indexing is generally not as good as buying broad ultra-low-cost index funds. That said, it could be beneficial in certain circumstances:
· You want to donate to charity in a few years so you can harvest the tax loss and then donate the appreciated securities to the charity, thereby never paying taxes on the appreciation.
· You currently have large taxable long-term gains at the 23.8% marginal federal tax rate (20% +3.8% investment income tax) but soon will be in a lower rate.
· You are in a high tax bracket but have a very short life expectancy and the kids will soon inherit the money with a step-up basis."
Roth ended with this: "Direct indexing is good. It’s just generally not as good as owning broad ETFs."
Thanks to all who responded. Please update here if you use direct indexing and learn something worth sharing.
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