Getting to Zero
Michael Perry | Oct 5, 2021
AFTER YOU QUIT the workforce and before you start Social Security, you may find yourself with little or no taxable income. As many financial experts have pointed out, this can be a great time to convert a traditional IRA to a Roth and pay taxes at a relatively low rate. But here’s another tax-savings opportunity to consider: If you have winning stocks and funds in your regular taxable account, this period can also offer the chance to realize long-term gains and pay taxes at a 0% federal rate. The key: Keep your taxable income low, including paying attention to capital gains distributions from your mutual funds. Those distributions may leave you with less room to realize gains at a 0% rate. How might this work in practice? Let’s take the example of Bob and Jane, a retired couple not yet receiving Social Security. They collect a $30,000 annual pension. In 2020, their taxable investments produced $2,000 in interest, $10,000 in qualified dividends and $10,000 in long-term capital gains fund distributions. Assuming these numbers are the same this year, Bob and Jane would be looking at $52,000 in total income. Result: They could intentionally realize another $53,900 in long-term capital gains, bringing their total income to $105,900—and pay nothing in capital gains taxes. If they take that $105,900 and subtract a married couple’s $25,100 standard deduction, they would be left with taxable income of $80,800. (The figures for those filing as single individuals would be half these levels.) As long as their total taxable income doesn’t breach that $80,800 threshold, any long-term capital gains—whether distributed by their mutual funds or the result of selling winning investments—would be taxed at 0%. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] A key problem: It’s highly unlikely that Bob and Jane’s numbers are going to be the same this year as…
Read more » Too Heavy a Load
Michael Perry | Oct 16, 2021
I’M A MORNINGSTAR subscriber. I find that the site provides investing and personal finance information that’s sensible and useful for the average person, and that it promotes good investing and planning behaviors. Still, I was taken aback by a recent article, which discussed four funds that investors have been buying. In terms of deciding what I buy, I don’t really care what others have been purchasing. Still, it’s interesting to see, so I checked it out. My surprise: Three of the four funds mentioned are A share funds, which means buyers have to pay a front-end commission, or load. For instance, one of the funds is Columbia Dividend Income, a Morningstar medalist that “really emphasizes quality” and “has put in some nice defensive qualities,” according to the Morningstar analyst. That sounds good. But not mentioned in the article is that, for regular retail investors, the Columbia fund’s A shares have a 5.75% front-end load. You can avoid that sales commission—but only if, say, you buy through an advisory account, which will then charge you a fee, or it’s offered in your 401(k). As of May 31, the front-end load A shares held $4.2 billon, second only to one of the institutional share classes. Besides my surprise that Morningstar has given a silver rating to a front-end load fund, I’m also surprised that investors have apparently been piling into it, such that the fund’s about to close. I realize not everyone has gotten the message from HumbleDollar and elsewhere that costs matter, but Morningstar usually promotes the concept. It’s one thing to pay an above-average expense ratio. But to me, a front-end load is something else entirely, because it can take years to recoup that cost—and it may never happen. Maybe that’s my own mental accounting at work, and a cost…
Read more » Our Nomadic Life
Michael Perry | Jun 5, 2024
WE'RE IN OUR SECOND year as nomads, having sold our Texas home and driven away from our storage unit in November 2022. In the few years before that, we often talked about where we wanted to move, but could never quite decide. When I retired in 2021, we traveled for most of the next 12 months. At the end of it, we still hadn’t decided where we wanted to live, but we knew we wanted a change, so we just pulled up our roots. We have yet to put down new ones. How is this working for us? We’ve spent time in previously unknown parts of the U.S., England, Italy, Spain and Portugal, but our intent isn’t to “travel the world.” We were fortunate to do a fair amount of that during our careers. We have some destinations in mind, but ticking off a list or saying we’ve been to [insert number] countries isn’t driving us. While we enjoy visiting new places, we’re also happy to revisit places we like and just be wherever we are. Our stops aren’t necessarily hot spots, just pretty places to spend time. When possible, we like to stay in one place for weeks at a time. As I write this, we’re enjoying our first visit to New Hampshire. We’ll be in France in September and England in November, but that’s the extent of our plans, and there are a lot of gaps between now and then. We have considerable flexibility, though that’s been limited by visa rules. European countries that are party to the Schengen agreement—which most of them are—allow visitors to stay just 90 days in a rolling 180-day period without a pre-arranged visa. The positive is that we can travel anywhere within the Schengen area without visa or border formalities. The negative…
Read more » Retirement on the Road
Michael Perry | Jan 1, 2025
WE'VE BEEN TAKING stock of our nomadic life. We’re quite happy living as we are. But we’re also conscious that things could change at any time for multiple reasons, and we’re ready to shift gears if needed. We aren’t exactly “living the dream”—because being nomadic was never our dream. We hadn’t even thought about it until a few months before we started our travels. We officially uprooted ourselves—meaning we sold our Houston home—after we’d been away from the place for most of the first year of my retirement. We didn’t want to stay where we were, but we also didn’t have a place we wanted to move. Now, as we enter our third year as nomads, we’re thinking of making at least a few smaller changes to our itinerant lifestyle. Complaints? I have a few. But then again… (sorry, Mr. Sinatra). I miss my kettlebells, and it’s hard to maintain my certified instructor standards without heavier ones, which you can’t find in most gyms. My wife is an amazing cook and enjoys it, but it’s less enjoyable when a kitchen has crummy pans and knives, plus she has her own fitness goals that are difficult to achieve when bouncing among whatever gyms are available, if any. It’s also a challenge for us to eat properly when dealing with different kitchens and different stores, especially so when you throw in certain dietary requirements. To be fair, we’ve been able to enjoy some impressive kitchens and gyms. Still, inconsistent eating and fitness are our biggest day-to-day concerns. I realize these will strike some as minor issues, but people are different and, for us, such things are important. We’ll often go out of our way and pay more than usual for short-term access to a good gym or for the food that we…
Read more » How to Not Waste a Low Income Year
Michael1 | Nov 10, 2024
Well, it’s that time of year again. No, I don’t mean the holiday decorations and music in the stores, although it’s certainly that time of year as well. I’m talking about looking at this year’s tax picture and what actions one might take before the year ends. There are several items that pop to mind for many people – optimizing giving to charity, making gifts to family, contributing to IRAs (consider doing this earlier!), and others. As 2024 will be a particularly low-income year for us, one thing that’s taking more of my time is deciding whether to do a Roth conversion or to realize some capital gains. We’ll do one or the other so as not to waste this year’s low tax rate, but which one to do is more complicated than it was when I wrote on it in more depth. The benefits of Roth conversion are well known to most readers. The main attraction for us is to pay some tax now in anticipation of a higher effective tax rate later. Notice I didn’t say higher tax brackets, as effective tax rate could be higher even if not in a higher bracket. (Another benefit is that unlike with a Traditional IRA, heirs also inherit the assets tax free. This isn’t a consideration for us but is a big one for some.) On the capital gains side, as I wrote previously, benefits would include simplifying the portfolio by reducing the number of holdings while also making it more tax efficient going forward. This year there’s a new consideration, in that we’re considering possibly buying a property soon. If we do, we’re going to need cash, and that cash is going to come from selling stocks. Why not do that now in this low-income year? The answer to that…
Read more » Profiting From Losses
Michael Perry | Feb 10, 2023
WE TRIMMED THE TAXES we owed on investment gains in 2021 by using losses we’d realized during 2020’s stock market swoon. Now, 2022’s market decline has allowed us to repeat this process, once again offsetting capital gains with tax losses that we’d earlier harvested. My wife and I haven’t just saved on taxes, however. The sales have also allowed us to reposition our taxable portfolio away from active management and toward more of an indexing bent. Along the way, we sidestepped one mistake but made two others—mistakes you’ll want to avoid if you decide to make similar trades. Here are some of the investment moves we’ve made over the past year: We realized losses when selling an actively managed fund and invested the proceeds in a broad-based index fund. We sold municipal bond funds at a small loss, again moving the proceeds to a stock index fund. At the same time, we moved from stock investments within a 401(k) to a stable value fund to maintain the same overall stock-bond mix. We realized losses on some index funds and invested the proceeds in similar index funds, in some cases doing so repeatedly. Regarding this last move, you might wonder why we swapped index funds back and forth. We did so purely to harvest losses that we could then use to offset later gains. While the index funds we’re switching between are not identical—that would disallow the tax loss—they’re similar enough for our investment purposes. At this stage, we’re happy to own these index funds no matter what the market does. If the market continues higher, great. If it drops, we may trade between these funds again—and harvest new tax losses. Our losses allowed us to offset $3,000 in ordinary income last year. That was a bonus because our marginal tax…
Read more »
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