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Inflation Hedge

ArticleAdam M. Grossman | Aug 29, 2026

THE OPEN KITCHEN restaurant has been a fixture in Charlotte, North Carolina for 75 years. The restaurant has an old-time feel, with memorabilia, including menus from years gone by, lining its walls. Those old menus provided David Enna, a financial journalist, with a laboratory for examining the effects of inflation. What did Enna find? The oldest menu on display is from 1963. To state the obvious, today’s prices make those from the 1960s look quaint. Back then, spaghetti and meatballs cost just $1.10. Today, it’s $15.50. But, as Enna points out, that was more than 60 years ago, so increases are to be expected. Over the past 60 years, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has averaged 3.8% per year. That isn’t unreasonable, especially since that average includes the 1970s, when inflation sometimes topped 10%. What’s of more concern, though, is what consumers have experienced more recently. Since 2020, prices across the economy have risen 29%. And though those increases have slowed, the Fed is still struggling to ratchet inflation back to its preferred 2% level. This has given investors renewed interest in strategies to defend against inflation. At first glance, this doesn’t seem like it should be such a difficult problem. The U.S. Treasury offers an investment specifically designed for this purpose: Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). These are bonds that are guaranteed by the federal government to increase in value with inflation. And though I hesitate to use the words “bond” and “exciting” in the same sentence, today many investors are finding the return on TIPS compelling. The 30-year TIPS is now paying close to 3% on top of inflation. If inflation averages 2.5%, for example, over the next 30 years, this bond will end up returning a total of 5.5% per year, and with minimal risk. That sounds good in theory, but do these bonds make sense for your portfolio? It’s worth taking a closer look. The first thing to note is that this seemingly attractive 3% yield only applies to 30-year TIPS. Yields on shorter-term bonds are lower. So unless your investment horizon happens to be exactly 30 years, these bonds may be of limited practical value. Putting aside the yield question, though, a more fundamental challenge with individual TIPS—and individual bonds in general—is that they’re a cumbersome way to build a portfolio. Even if you didn’t mind the process of buying bonds one by one, which can be tedious, there’s the fact that it’s hard for most people to be able to forecast their cash flow needs each year into the future. That’s a problem because choosing maturity dates is the foundation on which bond portfolios are built. Ideally, if you can align the maturity dates of the bonds in your portfolio with your future cash needs, then you can hold bonds to maturity, which is when the issuer would promise to pay you back in full. But that redemption value is guaranteed only at maturity. Buy a 20-year bond and sell it after just 10 years, and there are no guarantees. A bondholder could easily lose money selling an individual bond before maturity. Given these challenges, would a TIPS fund be a better choice? To be sure, bond funds are much simpler to purchase and to manage, but they typically offer even less protection from losses than individual bonds. Most recently, shareholders in TIPS funds were disappointed by how they performed in 2022, when inflation spiked to 9%. Investors expected that to be the year when TIPS rewarded investors, but instead, diversified TIPS funds such as the Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (ticker: VAIPX) lost nearly 12%. Why did funds like this fare so poorly when inflation was running so high? The problem is that, at the end of the day, TIPS are still bonds. And though they receive a bump in value when inflation rises, a countervailing force is that they lose value when interest rates rise. In 2022, the Federal Reserve raised interest rates aggressively to fight inflation. The negative impact from those rate increases far outweighed the benefit TIPS received from inflation being higher. That puts investors in a difficult position. If TIPS provide inflation protection in theory, but both individual TIPS and TIPS funds carry limitations, what other options are there? The good news is that not all TIPS funds are the same. Some hold only short-term bonds, and they have historically held up much better than more broadly diversified TIPS funds because short-term bonds are more resilient when interest rates rise. Over the past five years, a fund like Vanguard’s Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities ETF (ticker: VTIP) has outperformed a comparable fund (ticker: VGSH) holding standard short-term Treasury bonds every year, as well as this year to-date. It’s important to note, though, that this is relative performance. In 2022, when the entire bond market was under pressure, even short-term TIPS funds like VTIP did still lose money. They just lost less than funds holding conventional bonds. The bottom line: We should never become too wedded to any one strategy. No investment can promise reliable and complete protection against inflation in every market scenario. That said, I do still recommend TIPS and would specifically recommend a short-term fund like VTIP. But I also suggest taking a diversified approach to inflation protection. Here are other steps to consider. If you’re in your 60s and considering when to claim Social Security, that decision offers a powerful lever. Because Social Security benefits increase with inflation and also increase with each year you delay claiming, it’s maybe the most effective way to build additional inflation protection into your plan. What else can you do? Fortunately, you may already own one of the most effective—and underappreciated—inflation-fighting instruments: stocks. While rising prices in recent years have been frustrating for consumers, the result has been that companies have been able to maintain their profit margins. That, in turn, has helped to support their stock prices through this period of inflation. To be sure, some companies have more of an ability to raise prices than others, but overall, stocks are, in my view, a good way to keep pace with inflation. The one thing I wouldn’t do is to buy gold. Despite its reputation, various studies have confirmed that gold really isn’t a reliable inflation hedge. In a paper titled “The Golden Dilemma,” researchers wrote: “Over practical investment horizons, gold is an unreliable inflation hedge,” though they acknowledge that it may be more reliable over longer timeframes—“if the investment horizon is measured in centuries.” Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles.

Traditional or Roth

ArticleRichard Connor | Aug 29, 2026

THE CHOICE BETWEEN a traditional retirement account or a Roth is a frequent topic on HumbleDollar. The choice is generally framed as a choice between paying taxes up front (a Roth), or deferring taxes until withdrawal (traditional). I thought it would be interesting to evaluate a real-life example of how this choice might work out. In December of 2016 my wife and I had an opportunity to each open a Roth IRA. My wife took a partial sabbatical that year, and that, combined with maxing out our 401k accounts, gave us a chance to each open a $4,500 Roth IRA. The maximum allowable contribution that year was $6,500 for those 50 and over. Up until then we had assumed that our marginal tax bracket would likely be lower in retirement, and focused on contributing to our employer’s traditional 401k plans. Despite that, we decided to move forward with opening a Roth IRA. I thought it would give us some tax diversity, and the opportunity to do Roth conversions when, and if, it made sense in the future. In December of 2016 we opened Roth IRAs at Vanguard and invested the $4,500 in their S&P 500 Index Fund. Those initial funds have been invested for almost 10 years. Over that decade we have added some additional funds, and have done a few conversions. I recently did a quick analysis to see how my Roth experience would have compared to investing in a traditional IRA. In 2016, our marginal tax bracket was 28%. To contribute the $4,500 required $6,250 of pre-tax income. Due to some financial engineering over the last year, including selling our second home in late 2025, I expect our 2026 marginal tax bracket to stay within the 12% bracket. I’ve been looking at this closely because I’m considering doing a Roth conversion later this year. The table below shows the comparison between the Roth performance, and what a traditional IRA would have produced. The annual rate of return was determined using Nick Maggiulli’s S&P 500 Historical Return Calculator. Roth vs Traditional

The table shows that the Traditional IRA would have been the better choice, producing about $3,500 more in available funds, or about 22% more. This demonstrates that the primary driver in choosing between a Roth and a traditional qualified account is a consideration of the tax rates at the time of contribution and at the time of distribution. There have been a number of changes to the tax code in the last decade that have contributed to the result, but I certainly didn’t predict any of them. If you guess wrong, you pay the price in a higher tax bill. In the example above, the extra $1,750 invested in the traditional account produced an additional $6,143.31 in earnings. The lower tax rate at the distribution of the traditional IRA results in the $3,500 in extra funds. Even though the Roth IRA had tax free earnings growth, the initial larger tax rate overcame that advantage, when compared to the traditional IRA. Because of my pension and my wife’s social security benefit, 85% of her social security benefit is taxable income, so that is not a consideration in our tax calculation. I used Dinkytown’s 1040 Calculator to run a series of estimates of our 2026 tax return to assess if we want to execute a Roth Conversion this year. We are still 4 years from taking RMDs, and I will start my Social Security in a year when I turn 70. My current thinking is a conversion of about $40,000 will keep us in the 12% bracket. There would also be a small NJ state tax impact. My simple analysis reinforces what I’ve been taught. Roth contributions make the most sense when you think your current tax bracket is lower than when you expect to withdrawal the funds. There are secondary considerations, like no tax diversification, no RMDs, and uncertainty about future tax rates. If you intend to pass the funds to heirs, it might make sense to perform Roth conversions today at the 22% tax bracket if you intend to pass these accounts to heirs who may be in their peak earnings years. Not sure? I believe I recall several HumbleDollar contributors write something about splitting the difference? Richard Connor is a semi-retired aerospace engineer with a keen interest in finance. He enjoys a wide variety of other interests, including chasing grandkids, space, sports, travel, winemaking and reading. Follow Rick on Twitter @RConnor609 and check out his earlier articles.

The Intentional Spendthrift

Mark Crothers | Aug 21, 2026

"A few years back, we visited the Greek island of Crete in July. We took a local bus (no air conditioning) to the Minoan ruins at Knossos, and it was so intensely hot walking around the site that people were passing out from heat exhaustion. With that in mind, I fully endorse your plan to visit Greece earlier in the summer."

- Mark Crothers

Americans and their credit cards

R Quinn | Aug 24, 2026

"David, did you check the source data for the AI’s figures? My first thought is that it's mixing up nominal and real wage increases. A 28.2% real growth figure already has inflation subtracted out. That means wages actually outpaced inflation by 28.2% over those four decades, rather than lagging behind it."

- Mark Crothers

How Did You Find Paid Work After Retiring from Your Primary Career?

Jeffrey Chan | Jul 31, 2026

"Good for you."

- Patrick Brennan

Bad Maths, Good Fire.

Mark Crothers | Aug 28, 2026

"Dunn, working on that felled tree I mentioned was really satisfying. Though I have to say, splitting the rounds with an axe is one hell of an upper body workout!"

- Mark Crothers

The Wrong-Sided Man

Dennis Friedman | May 8, 2025

"I too walk early in the morning and now I carry a small can of pepper spray. It might be a vicious dog, wrong-way man as you describe, or a wayward hobo looking for an easy roll."

- art winslow

This would be a great posting on a web site with the name “HaughtyDollar.”

R Quinn | Aug 28, 2026

"t"

- Mick

You Heel!

Michael Flack | Aug 24, 2026

"Counterpoint- I purchased a brand new pair of Bostonian oxfords, maroon in color for about $20, about 25 years ago. I liked them so much I bought a black pair, but they were only reduced to $35. The black ones were go to shoes for my work environment for a couple decades. I spent ~$150 combined to replace the leather soles and rubber heels multiple times. I wondered if it was a prudent decision to keep spending so much more than the original cost. Then I shopped for equal quality and comfort in new shoes, and I found they were around $250 and could not be re-soled due to the rubber soles. I therefore succeeded in exercising my frugal muscle and got the maximum value out of a relatively paltry investment. And I supported small local businesses, making a modest living for their family. I call that a win-win. I've trashed the black shoes as I felt they were no longer worth repairing, or needed for work. I'll be wearing the maroon ones (original heel/sole) later this year in my son's wedding."

- John Verlautz

A Place At The Table

Andrew Clements | Aug 26, 2026

"Thank you, William. I’m glad you enjoyed it. The Philippines has taught me quite a bit, and often it’s the small, everyday experiences that have left the biggest impression on me."

- Andrew Clements

Blood Money

Michael Flack | Mar 28, 2026

"I agree with you about KO but XOM is involved in climate deception since it knew about global warming risks 60 years ago and ranks as one of the top global greenhouse gas polluters."

- Nick Politakis

Feeling TIPSy?

ArticleSanjib Saha | Aug 22, 2026

NOT TOO LONG ago, Treasury Inflation Protected Security (TIPS) was a relatively obscure investment for safe long-term fixed-income investments. For the first twenty years of the new century, consumer prices were mostly stable or rising at a too-slow-to-notice rate. Why bother with anything related to inflation? Sadly, persistently low inflation made us complacent on the biggest long-term risk of bond investments -- the insidious unexpected inflation that robs us of the purchasing power of our “safe” investments. Yes, let’s not forget that the biggest risk of bond or bond-like investments is unexpected inflation. Any bond or CD with a maturity beyond a few years must either offer a sufficiently high interest rate to compensate for sudden bouts of inflation, or have its principal adjusted for the inflation actually realized. The former is nearly impossible to find without sacrificing safety. The latter is what TIPS is for. To be clear, the market and investors always expect some level of inflation. Therefore, a bond’s effective interest rate - measured by its YTM (Yield to Maturity) - must be high enough to not only compensate for “expected” inflation and the uncertainties around it but also provide a meaningful increase in the purchasing power of the original principal. A concrete example might help. Consider a 10-year US Treasury nominal bond with a face value of $1,000, selling at $1,000 and paying 5% annual interest. The interest rate reflects the expectations about inflation and other factors over the next 10 years. The rate would be lower if market expected lower inflation, and higher if market expected the opposite. The omnipresence of inflation means we’re likely to lose some purchasing power when we get our $1,000 in 10 years. It won’t buy what $1,000 buys today. By how much? That’s the thousand dollars question (pun intended). There isn’t a readily available number that explains why that 10-year Treasury Bond yields 5% instead of 3% or 7%. Investors essentially take a leap of faith that annual inflation stays low enough over the 10-year period for the interim interests to compensate for the purchasing power loss, plus some changes. Most of us are perfectly comfortable assuming that inflation won’t be as high as 5% for 10 years. But are we fooling ourselves? I suggest using an inflation calculator to see for ourselves. Spoiler alert: Late 1960s through early 1980s can be an eye-opening period. How’d we feel if the next 10 years turn out to be something similar? Think about how you might feel when you safekeep your money in a so-called secure investment, give up higher returns available from risky investments, and then encounter an inflationary regime. Your minimum expectation was that your purchasing power would remain intact and perhaps improve a little by the time your bond matures. Instead, unforeseen inflation erodes your purchasing power and compromises the financial goal the fund was supposed to cover. Your “safe” investment fails you completely. You realize that it wasn’t safe at all. If unexpected inflation is so devastating, why are we so lax about it? I can think of two reasons. First, our minds haven’t adapted to the reality that, unlike to a “real” asset like a bag of rice or a gallon of gasoline, money in its current form is inherently self-eroding. It slowly loses its worth over time. A hundred dollars sitting around will still be a hundred dollars next year, but it won’t buy the same amount. We don’t intuitively perceive the continuous loss of purchasing power. Even when we do internalize it with some effort, we get used to the “pace” of the loss. In other words, we view inflation as steady and unexpected inflation as highly unlikely. Alas, all it takes is a single prolonged inflationary period to change that perception. By then, however, the damage to existing fixed income investments may already be done. Frankly, I’d be very wary of keeping my long-term “safe” money -- fund that I need to preserve beyond a three-year horizon - in any form that isn’t protected against unexpected inflation. For bond investments, the most meaningful option would be TIPS. Why? Because, in addition to being secured by the full faith and credit of the US Government just like any other Treasury securities, TIPS provides three important assurances upfront. First, it provides protection against unexpected inflation, which is a realized inflation that differs from what we expected when purchasing it. If the actual inflation averages 12% instead of the expected 2%, the principal is automatically adjusted to reflect the actual inflation. No guesswork or unexpected risk involved. Second, it provides a “real interest rate” upfront that tells us how much the purchasing power of the investment will increase over time, regardless of what the actual inflation turns out to be. Buying a 10-year TIPS with real 2% annual interest means the investment’s purchasing power will grow 2% per year over the holding period, before considering taxes and other factors. The third aspect is more nuanced. It involves the possibility of inflation being lower than expected, or even negative inflation (aka deflation). Let me elaborate. If a regular nominal 10-year Treasury Bond offers 5% annual yield and an equivalent TIPS offers a real annual interest rate of 2.75%, the market-implied inflation, the breakeven inflation rate, is roughly 2.25% (5% minus 2.75%). Actual inflation, of course, will be known only after 10 years when the bond matures. Suppose the actual inflation turns out to be only 1.25%. The nominal Bond investor would end up with more purchasing power than the TIPS investor because the TIPS principle would be adjusted by only the actual 1.25% inflation rate. The primary objective of the TIPS investor would still have been met: preserving and improving purchasing power by about 2.75% annually. But there would be a “missed opportunity”. The nominal Treasury investor would end up with even greater purchasing power. Does it mean that a TIPS investor can face an unlimited opportunity cost if inflation turns out to be negative? What happens if the actual inflation is, hypothetically speaking, negative 5%, in a severely deflationary period? Does the TIPS investor get back proportionately reduced principal at maturity? Thanks to the third assurance of TIPS, the answer is NO. TIPS guarantees that the principal returned at maturity will never fall below the original face value. During periods of deflation, the inflation-adjusted principal can fall below its face value and the interim interest payments will decline accordingly. But at maturity, the principal is floored at the original principal amount. Therefore, the breakeven inflation rate, the difference between the yield of a nominal Treasury bond and the real yield of an equivalent TIPS, represents the maximum annual yield advantage that the nominal bond can have over TIPS in an unexpectedly low inflation regime. To summarize, a TIPS investor gets unlimited protection against unexpectedly high inflation, while accepting a limited opportunity cost should the actual inflation be low or even negative. The magnitude of that trade-off is reflected in the breakeven inflation rate at the time of the TIPS purchase. An aside: given the destructive impact of deflation on economy and society, policy makers are generally more concerned about preventing prolonged deflation than about preventing modest inflation. Therefore, prolonged deflation is usually considered less likely. Still, we cannot ignore deflation risk altogether and should be prepared for the possibility that TIPS can underperform a nominal bond if inflation runs low. Therefore, the decision to favor TIPS over an equivalent nominal Bond hinges in part on the current breakeven inflation rate. If it’s low enough, favoring TIPS can be an easy decision. Getting unlimited protection against unexpectedly high inflation is worth accepting the relatively small opportunity cost if inflation comes below the breakeven rate. There is, however, a cautionary note about buying TIPS bonds in the secondary market, especially older issues. Consider a 30-year TIPS bond issued 20 years ago and a 10-year TIPS issued within last 6 months. Both might appear to be valid choices if they mature within a few months of each other and offer similar yields. But beneath the surface, one may be more favorable than the other. The older TIPS will likely have a much higher inflation-adjusted principal because it accumulated 20 years of inflation adjustments. But the protection against unexpected deflation applies only to the bond’s original face value, which is typically $1,000. In a prolonged deflationary period, the older bond has much more room for its inflation-adjusted principal to decline before reaching the $1,000 floor. The newer issue, whose adjusted principal is much closer to the $1,000 face value, has less exposure to this risk. Therefore, all else being equal, I’d favor a TIPS with a low inflation-adjusted factor when buying in the secondary market. All things considered, my vote goes to TIPS for long-term “safe” investments, provided the break-even inflation is reasonably low. For secondary market purchases, however, a high inflation-adjustment factor would give me pause. Sanjib Saha retired early from software engineering to dedicate more time to family and friends, pursue personal development and assist others as a money wellness mentor. Self-taught in investments, he passed the Series 65 licensing exam as a non-industry candidate. Sanjib is the president and cofounder of Dollar Mentor, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization offering free investment and financial education. Follow his nonprofit on LinkedIn, and check out Sanjib’s earlier articles.

Inflation Hedge

ArticleAdam M. Grossman | Aug 29, 2026

Traditional or Roth

ArticleRichard Connor | Aug 29, 2026

The Intentional Spendthrift

Mark Crothers | Aug 21, 2026

- Mark Crothers

Americans and their credit cards

R Quinn | Aug 24, 2026

- Mark Crothers

How Did You Find Paid Work After Retiring from Your Primary Career?

Jeffrey Chan | Jul 31, 2026

"Good for you."

- Patrick Brennan

Bad Maths, Good Fire.

Mark Crothers | Aug 28, 2026

"Dunn, working on that felled tree I mentioned was really satisfying. Though I have to say, splitting the rounds with an axe is one hell of an upper body workout!"

- Mark Crothers

The Wrong-Sided Man

Dennis Friedman | May 8, 2025

"I too walk early in the morning and now I carry a small can of pepper spray. It might be a vicious dog, wrong-way man as you describe, or a wayward hobo looking for an easy roll."

- art winslow

This would be a great posting on a web site with the name “HaughtyDollar.”

R Quinn | Aug 28, 2026

"t"

- Mick

You Heel!

Michael Flack | Aug 24, 2026

- John Verlautz

Manifesto

Aug 30, 2026

NO. 24: OUR ONLY earthly immortality will be the memories of others. We should make sure those memories are good—by spending our wealth on special times with friends and family.

Truths

Aug 30, 2026

NO. 86: CARRYING a mortgage into retirement can cost a heap of taxes. To cover the monthly payment, you might sell winning investments in your taxable account or tap retirement accounts, thus boosting your taxable income. That, in turn, could trigger higher Medicare premiums and taxes on your Social Security benefit. Result: You suffer a double tax hit.

act

Aug 29, 2026

HIRE OTHERS TO do chores you dislike. For each of us, time—not money—is the ultimate limited resource. Research has found that those who use their money to buy time—by, say, hiring others to clean or do yardwork for them—report greater happiness. Why? These folks feel less time stressed, while also freeing up extra hours for activities they love.

Truths

Aug 28, 2026

NO. 97: IT’S HARD to say “no” to our adult children if they get into financial trouble—which is why we should try to raise money-savvy kids. But how? Set a good example. Talk regularly about your own finances. Tell your kids about your lean early adult years. Involve them in family financial decisions. Encourage them to save up for larger purchases.

Money Guide

Manifesto

Aug 30, 2026

NO. 24: OUR ONLY earthly immortality will be the memories of others. We should make sure those memories are good—by spending our wealth on special times with friends and family.

Spotlight: Markets

Lessons from First Brands

Adam M. Grossman | Nov 1, 2025

SOME NEWS STORIES are unusual in ways that it’s hard to know what to make of them. Such is the case with the recent collapse of a relatively unknown company called First Brands.
On the surface, it might seem like a mundane story. First Brands is an auto parts supplier, making commodity items like brake pads and windshield wipers. The company was founded in 2013 by a fellow named Patrick James, who built it up over the years by acquiring several other,

What’s Really On My Mind

Dennis Friedman | Dec 3, 2025

MY RETIREMENT HAS been wonderful so far. Honestly, sometimes I have to stop and remind myself how lucky I am. Rachel and I have our health and enjoy each other’s company, which is not always true when a couple retires. However, there are four things that concern me as I reach my mid-70s.
Loneliness
I tried calling Mark, my old high school friend, a couple of weeks ago, and I haven’t heard from him.

AI, Bubbles, and Markets

Adam M. Grossman | Mar 21, 2026

IN AN INTERVIEW a little while back, the technology investor Peter Thiel drew an uncomfortable comparison. Today’s frenzy around artificial intelligence, he said, parallels the tech stock bubble of the 1990s. To illustrate his point, Thiel pointed to Amazon.
By any measure, it’s been an extraordinary success. But, Thiel points out, it hasn’t been a straight line. At one point early on, Amazon shares lost more than 90% of their value.
“My suspicion is that that’s roughly where we are in AI.

Asset Location Decisions

Bogdan Sheremeta | Nov 29, 2025

WHERE YOU PUT your investments can make a huge difference for your after-tax wealth.
As you know, we have 3 main investment accounts:

Taxable account. A traditional brokerage account where you are taxed every time you dividends or sell investments at a gain.
Tax deferred account. Traditional 401(k), 403(b), and traditional IRAs allow taxes to be deferred to the future. You pay taxes when your investments are withdrawn, and generally come with an immediate tax deduction.

Sell America

Adam M. Grossman | Feb 14, 2026

OVER THE PAST YEAR, a new term has entered the lexicon: “Sell America.” The idea is that investors are losing confidence in the U.S. economy due to persistent deficits and concerns about other policy choices. Owing to these fears, some investors are pulling money out of U.S. stocks and reallocating to international markets. Others are opting for gold and silver. The result: In 2025, for the first time in a long time, international stocks demonstrably outpaced domestic equities,

How Not To Invest

Adam M. Grossman | Oct 11, 2025

BARRY RITHOLTZ’S NEW BOOK, How Not to Invest, offers investors a cautionary tale—many of them, in fact.
Ritholtz has been in and around the investment industry for more than 30 years—as a trader, a journalist and, most recently, as cofounder of a wealth management firm.
In short, he is no stranger to Wall Street. His conclusion? It can be a minefield.
Bad actors like Charles Ponzi and Bernie Madoff are well known.

Making a Mesh

David Powell | May 24, 2019

THERE ARE AREAS in my life where I’ve spent too much money and time trying to be cheap. My reward: steady aggravation—until I spent a bit more to get the right solution. Which brings me to home networking technology. Most of us spend some $500 a year or more for internet broadband service. The problem: Many families are still living with old networking gear that’s slower than it should be, sometimes unreliable or provides poor wi-fi coverage in parts of their house. Networking technology can get complicated pretty fast, so internet service providers try to simplify their customers’ lives by integrating four separate networking functions into a single internet gateway device (IGD) that they give you upon installation—and for which you pay each month: Broadband modem. Usually cable or DSL, this is your main pipe to the internet. Firewall/router. This keeps unwanted internet traffic from your local network and routes traffic from your home to the internet. Ethernet switch. This connects less-common devices that use Ethernet cabling. Wi-fi access point. This provides wi-fi connectivity on your local network using either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz channels. The integrated approach worked pretty well in the old days, when customers had just a few devices that needed internet access—and those devices weren’t constantly moving around the house, but instead could be placed near the IGD, where wi-fi signals are strong. For readers who live in a condo or a tiny house, the single IGD approach may still meet your needs, especially if your IGD is five years old or less. But if you’re living in a typical 2,400-square-foot house or bigger, one wi-fi access point may not give you usable wi-fi throughout your home. Wi-fi signal strength grows weaker with distance, and dramatically drops off when signals pass through each wall, door, ceiling…

Beat the Cheats

David Powell | Jul 26, 2019

U.S. CREDIT CARD fraud topped $8 billion in 2015 and should surpass $12 billion next year. You can reduce your exposure to such incidents with a few simple steps. Why bother? Won’t the bank pick up the tab when unauthorized purchases show up on your account? Generally, yes, thanks to the Fair Credit Billing Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act. But there may be limitations on that protection, based on how quickly you notify your bank when you discover unauthorized charges. There are two well-established ways your credit card information can be stolen and used. The most likely scenario is when a hacker exploits weak security measures at a merchant or payment processing company to download big lists of detailed credit card and billing contact info. These tend to be big, disruptive incidents which cost the responsible party millions of dollars and create a lot of hassle for you and others affected. The Heartland Payment Systems hack in 2009 exposed 160 million cards, according to the indictment of those charged. More such incidents have been reported, including at TJX Cos. (in 2006, 94 million cards), Home Depot (in 2014, 56 million cards) and Target (in 2013, 40 million cards). The next most common scenario is when an attacker gains access to a merchant’s payment terminal or point-of-sale system at a gas station, restaurant or store, and installs malware or modifies it with a skimmer or shimmer device, to steal information from every card used there. Skimmers exploit the oldest tech on your credit card: the old-school magnetic stripe that holds all of your card data in an open, unencrypted form. Michaels crafts stores in 20 states reportedly experienced such a crime in 2011. Skimmer use on ATMs has risen, too. When these incidents are discovered, banks proactively issue new cards to all affected customers.…

Beefing Up Security

David Powell | Mar 21, 2019

MANY OF US HAVE little more than a weak, reused password standing between our financial assets and a remote attacker—one armed with powerful tools and a database of passwords from security breaches. This is a losing battle. It’s the most likely way for weak computer security to put our finances at risk. Think this can’t happen to you? I’ll bet you have at least one password taken in a big security breach. A quick way to find out is entering your email address at Troy Hunt’s HaveIBeenPwned site. My address turns up in almost a dozen big cyberattacks. We are notoriously bad at creating strong passwords and remembering them. When you decide to create stronger, unique passwords for each site, you quickly discover that managing dozens of randomly generated, site-specific passwords by hand is a headache. Don’t fret. Password managers like LastPass, Dashlane and 1Password make short work of it. A password manager puts all your passwords in an encrypted vault, leaving you with just one password to remember. You want to make this password really strong and unforgettable. The password manager then fills in the right password for mobile apps and websites whenever you use them. What can you expect from a good manager? Up-to-date access to your password vault on all devices, regardless of the device’s operating system. Updates to your vault as you create new accounts or update existing passwords. A random password generator that creates really strong, unique passwords. Those passwords will meet each site’s requirements for length and allowed characters. A security challenge which guides you through the work of replacing existing poor passwords—those which are known to be compromised, weak or easily guessed, or which you’ve used more than once. Emergency access to your vault by someone you choose, as well as password sharing with, say, family members for…

Rookie Year

David Powell | Feb 7, 2024

FANS OF PROFESSIONAL sports know the excitement and agony of watching each year’s fresh crop of rookies. These young players have to relearn a game they thought they knew. The fact is, the strategies, tactics, intensity and winning habits of big league sports teams are tougher than those of college and minor league teams. That can leave rookies wondering what hit them when they move up to the big leagues. That’s how I felt in December 2022, when I retired after decades of working and saving. Season's start. For me, full-time work ended abruptly. Deciding not to seek another position came later, the result of a months-long wallow. I realized one day that I didn’t know what I was waiting for and I “don’t wanna be a richer man,” to quote David Bowie. Time with family and friends had become precious. What’s more, I’d fallen in love with choosing how to spend my time. I couldn’t appreciate the joy and lightness this freedom brings until many months away from full-time work. Lower blood pressure has been a bonus. Better defense. As a first step in our rookie retirement year, my wife and I reviewed expenses and cut some low-hanging fruit. Streaming services we modestly used? Gone. A remote storage unit for our seasonal things? Replaced with storage racks over our garage doors and a paring down of seasonal holiday treasures. These cuts and more felt so good that it’s now a January tradition. Housing can be a big expense, but we finished off our mortgage years ago. When work ended, we had already decided to retire in place, staying in our home of 20-plus years in the Pacific Northwest. This area isn’t cheap, but it could be much worse. We’re still healthy, our kids aren’t far away, and we saw…

Losing It All

David Powell | Jul 5, 2021

OVER A PRODUCTIVE 30-year career that ended in 1950, Willie Sutton robbed as many as 100 banks for gains worth $40 million today—without ever firing a shot. That sort of bank robbery is rare now and, when it happens, customers don’t lose a dime, thanks to FDIC insurance. Today, Sutton—the Babe Ruth of robbers—wouldn’t waste time knocking over banks. Trillions of dollars held in millions of internet-accessible retirement and brokerage accounts are much softer and more lucrative targets. He’d use a cyber-heist known as an account takeover. For that, our modern Willie Sutton would access your account with your weak and often reused password (the one in that massive leak) or by stealing your password when you click on links in his spear phishing outreach. In a typical takeover, Sutton would log into your account, link a bank account he controls to yours and then start transferring cash out. All while sipping espresso. But that won’t happen to your online retirement accounts, right? In a recent incident, elderly grandparents in Illinois had $40,000 wired out of their hijacked Fidelity Investments account. They discovered the theft long after the money had vanished by wire transfer into a bank account that the attacker had linked to theirs. The money was then transferred again and lost forever. It seems investors don’t need to dump their retirement savings into cryptocurrency or lottery tickets to lose it all. Instead, just sign up for online access to your investment accounts. Was the couple reimbursed? At first, the answer was “no” because they reported the incident long after the deadline in their account agreement. On top of that, they hadn’t enabled certain security features that would have made it harder to change account contact information or to add additional linked bank accounts to their investment account. Who bears the cost of…

Reversion Can Be Mean

David Powell | Aug 13, 2021

MONEY MANAGER GMO recently noted that, “There are no bad assets just bad prices.” The occasion was the S&P 500’s price outrunning earnings by 70% over the seven years through March. GMO’s punchline: The same thing happened in the seven years that ended with the dot-com peak in March 2000. This, of course, did not end well. Two decades ago, I remember a friend telling me of steep losses in his retirement savings, the result of moving his entire 401(k) into aggressive, tech-heavy mutual funds during the runup. For some, it’s hard to be fearful when others are greedy. We hold out for the “last dance” in a market that hasn’t yet peaked. As I write this, the S&P 500 continues its seemingly relentless march higher, even as we wait for corporate earnings to claw their way back to the levels we enjoyed in March 2020, when the bottom dropped out of the economy. We read all the time that “past performance is no guarantee of future results.” For investing decisions grounded in principles that change slowly, if ever, there are some things we can count on. One principle that comes to mind: After a period of extremes, each investment’s rate of return eventually reverts to its long-term average.

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This would be a great posting on a web site with the name “HaughtyDollar.”

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Americans and their credit cards

How Did You Find Paid Work After Retiring from Your Primary Career?

Bad Maths, Good Fire.

The Wrong-Sided Man

This would be a great posting on a web site with the name “HaughtyDollar.”

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Rookie Year

Losing It All

Reversion Can Be Mean