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…..taxes and you

"Yes, in many  cases the IRS has ALL of the  information necessary  to complete a simple tax return. Still, I don’t think there’s any guarantee of increased enforcement of the  tax laws. "
- Dan Smith
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Gold and Diamonds

"This made me think of Prof. Galloway’s observation that young men need credible ways to signal commitment and future potential. An engagement ring has traditionally served that purpose. Lab-grown diamonds may change the economics, but not the underlying social function. The challenge remains showing commitment without confusing the price of the ring with the value of the relationship."
- Mark Gardner
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Celebrating the Win

"And I like that she is investing in low-cost, index? ETFs. On her next raise, I would recommend splitting a portion of her 401k contributions in a Roth 401K (if her work offers it) or a portion of her brokerage account in a Roth IRA."
- Cheryl Low
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The $8,000 Cost of Peace of Mind

"Back in 2010 (near the bottom of the real estate market after the GFC) when we bought our first house, interest rates were pretty low. We looked into getting a mortgage, but rate on the loan Wells Fargo (our primary bank) was offering was significantly higher than I expected. It ticked me off that they wouldn't give me anything near the 3.5% that was possible, but only offered about 5.3%. So, I liquidated some of our investments and made a cash offer on the house. We now own three houses, and I've never had a mortgage on any of them. #2 son was sitting on a pile of cash and lent us a little to get us into the second house. We paid him off quickly after we had bought the 3rd house a short time later. (Why 3 houses? It's a long story and not relevant to this topic, but #1 home is now part of our passive income strategy thanks to the efforts of a property manager we pay to look after the place.) My wife and I definitely fall into the "peace of mind" camp."
- John Doe
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Quiet Failure: Time for Me to Say What I Think

"Javier, thanks for a great series of posts. I agree about having vision. Sadly, many have none, which may  help explain why so many never seek guidance or attempt to plan."
- Dan Smith
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What Remains: Money and Me

"Thank you for sharing this. What touches me most is hearing how Jonathan’s writing helped shape your journey, especially during those formative years when you were building your life and looking for guidance. I think one of Jonathan’s greatest gifts was his ability to write about money while never losing sight of the people behind it. As you said, money was never the destination, it was a tool for building the life we hoped to live. I also appreciate the Stephen King quote. There is something deeply true in the idea that words can never fully capture what someone means to us. Yet we keep trying because some people leave such an imprint on our lives that they deserve the effort. Thank you for taking the time to share what Jonathan meant to you. It means a great deal to me and my family."
- Andrew Clements
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What do we Americans want? We want “free” healthcare

"Mark, agreed, I have pondered this issue before. According to Wikipedia, US spends US$13,473 per capita each year, and Australia US$6,980. Yet Australia has life expectancy approximately 4 years longer than the US. Surely the fact that spend per capita is nearly double, but life expectancy is lower, is a sign of some major inefficiencies."
- greg_j_tomamichel
Read more »

Defining Enough

"I think too many of us focus on asset accumulation, returns and spending in retirement. These are very important, but other areas are also very important such as healthcare, estate planning, tax strategy, where to live in retirement and others. These are all important and need to be considered in a good retirement plan."
- Jerry Pinkard
Read more »

Not missing the point

"I think that pretty much nails it. I'm a planner (as you may have guessed): For my hikes tend to have plans B and C for things that matter (eating, shelter, etc). Pretty sure that's also a proxy for wanting control of the situation. My financial planning probably has the same motivation. The trick here I think is to internalize the "serenity prayer" (accept what you can not change, change what you can, know the difference). The accept part I think is the hardest for planners. "The best layed plans of mice and men..." Thanks for reminder, and may the "accept what you can not change" go well for you."
- eludom
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Better Alternatives to Buying an Annuity

"I recognize that financial planning isn't a one size fits all strategy. I assume we all accept that reality. I'm no fan of annuities and my calculations say they are a bad deal for most. However, the peace of mind that it gives some cannot be underestimated. I'd never buy one because as Roth states, I can create my own income streams at a much lower cost while retainingcontrolof my money. Some people may think an annuity is beneficial to them and it's the job of the advisor to point out all the options available and help them chart the best course. All that said, I understand the point made by Roth but I have no issues if folks want annuities if it makes them sleep better at night."
- Mike Xavier
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…..taxes and you

"Yes, in many  cases the IRS has ALL of the  information necessary  to complete a simple tax return. Still, I don’t think there’s any guarantee of increased enforcement of the  tax laws. "
- Dan Smith
Read more »

Gold and Diamonds

"This made me think of Prof. Galloway’s observation that young men need credible ways to signal commitment and future potential. An engagement ring has traditionally served that purpose. Lab-grown diamonds may change the economics, but not the underlying social function. The challenge remains showing commitment without confusing the price of the ring with the value of the relationship."
- Mark Gardner
Read more »

Celebrating the Win

"And I like that she is investing in low-cost, index? ETFs. On her next raise, I would recommend splitting a portion of her 401k contributions in a Roth 401K (if her work offers it) or a portion of her brokerage account in a Roth IRA."
- Cheryl Low
Read more »

The $8,000 Cost of Peace of Mind

"Back in 2010 (near the bottom of the real estate market after the GFC) when we bought our first house, interest rates were pretty low. We looked into getting a mortgage, but rate on the loan Wells Fargo (our primary bank) was offering was significantly higher than I expected. It ticked me off that they wouldn't give me anything near the 3.5% that was possible, but only offered about 5.3%. So, I liquidated some of our investments and made a cash offer on the house. We now own three houses, and I've never had a mortgage on any of them. #2 son was sitting on a pile of cash and lent us a little to get us into the second house. We paid him off quickly after we had bought the 3rd house a short time later. (Why 3 houses? It's a long story and not relevant to this topic, but #1 home is now part of our passive income strategy thanks to the efforts of a property manager we pay to look after the place.) My wife and I definitely fall into the "peace of mind" camp."
- John Doe
Read more »

Quiet Failure: Time for Me to Say What I Think

"Javier, thanks for a great series of posts. I agree about having vision. Sadly, many have none, which may  help explain why so many never seek guidance or attempt to plan."
- Dan Smith
Read more »

What Remains: Money and Me

"Thank you for sharing this. What touches me most is hearing how Jonathan’s writing helped shape your journey, especially during those formative years when you were building your life and looking for guidance. I think one of Jonathan’s greatest gifts was his ability to write about money while never losing sight of the people behind it. As you said, money was never the destination, it was a tool for building the life we hoped to live. I also appreciate the Stephen King quote. There is something deeply true in the idea that words can never fully capture what someone means to us. Yet we keep trying because some people leave such an imprint on our lives that they deserve the effort. Thank you for taking the time to share what Jonathan meant to you. It means a great deal to me and my family."
- Andrew Clements
Read more »

What do we Americans want? We want “free” healthcare

"Mark, agreed, I have pondered this issue before. According to Wikipedia, US spends US$13,473 per capita each year, and Australia US$6,980. Yet Australia has life expectancy approximately 4 years longer than the US. Surely the fact that spend per capita is nearly double, but life expectancy is lower, is a sign of some major inefficiencies."
- greg_j_tomamichel
Read more »

Defining Enough

"I think too many of us focus on asset accumulation, returns and spending in retirement. These are very important, but other areas are also very important such as healthcare, estate planning, tax strategy, where to live in retirement and others. These are all important and need to be considered in a good retirement plan."
- Jerry Pinkard
Read more »

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Get Educated

Manifesto

NO. 78: OUR THREE most precious resources are health, wealth and time. Handle all three with the care they deserve, and we’ll greatly improve the odds of a rich and meaningful life.

Truths

NO. 84: IF YOUR portfolio earns 6% annually and you spend the entire 6% every year, you’ll face a financial reckoning. The spending power of the 6% will shrink with inflation, forcing you to either cut your standard of living or dip into principal to maintain it. The latter is dangerous, especially early in retirement, because you can quickly eviscerate your nest egg.

think

LOSS AVERSION. Behavioral finance experts say we aren’t so much risk averse as loss averse: We get more pain from losses than pleasure from gains—perhaps twice as much. This is why losing stocks cause such anguish. Some react by panicking and selling. But others will double down on losing stocks, taking more risk in hopes of quickly recouping the loss.

act

GET A WILL. Less than half of U.S. adults have a will. Without one, many of your assets will be distributed according to state law, plus you won’t have a say in who becomes your children’s guardian. Some folks don’t bother with a will, because they have a living trust. But when you die, there’ll inevitably be assets outside the trust—and, for them, you need a will.

Retirement

Manifesto

NO. 78: OUR THREE most precious resources are health, wealth and time. Handle all three with the care they deserve, and we’ll greatly improve the odds of a rich and meaningful life.

Spotlight: Estate Plan

Passing Them On

“LOOK RIGHT HERE, Charlie. If you click on the background of Windows Vista in just the right place, the script that I developed will launch and give you access to all my online passwords. You will need to know that if something were to happen to me.”
Dad was a self-taught computer nerd and paranoid about securing passwords. The year was 2007.
Dad died in 2018. I didn’t remember where to click to get his passwords.

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Way to Go

WHAT WILL BE YOUR legacy? This is something I’ve given a lot of thought to—right down to the funeral instructions.
Something I’ve learned through hard experience: One of the greatest gifts we can give to our families is a well-organized and well-communicated estate plan. They’ll appreciate it when the time comes.
Too many of us wait until an emergency to try to get our affairs in order. A severe illness or death is stressful enough.

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Final Arrangements: A Learning Curve

As I’ve written here before, my mother-in-law has been dealing with Alzheimer’s, and this last year has been a constant learning curve of navigating long-term care policies, trying out in-home caregivers (pretty major fail), and finally a memory care residential facility.
Well, this past week was a new challenge. My MIL passed away suddenly on Tuesday night. We got a call from the memory care facility that she’d fainted several times,  so they’d called an ambulance.

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Deducting Medical Expenses of a Decedent

Often when a person dies the surviving spouse or executor receives huge medical bills from the last illness or accident of the decedent. Hopefully most of such final medical expenses are covered by medical insurance but as anyone who has been tasked with dealing with the after death financial matters knows this is a long, complex and time consuming process.
Any medical expenses of the decedent not paid before death are by default liabilities of the decedent’s estate.

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Shrink That Estate

I OUTLINED 10 REASONS everybody should have an estate plan in a 2018 article—and what was true then remains true today, especially for those whose assets could be subject to estate taxes.
Under today’s rules, the federal estate tax applies to individuals with assets over $12.9 million. That might sound like a high number. But in 2026, the limit is set to be cut in half. In addition, many states impose their own estate tax,

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House Keeping

I’M THE OWNER OF one-sixth of a house in Sarasota County, Florida. There was no cost to me to acquire it. I also don’t have to make payments for property taxes, maintenance, the mortgage or the homeowners’ association. And, no, I haven’t had a change of heart about investing in rental real estate and, no, the property isn’t part of some passive micro-investment syndication scheme.
Rather, my mother signed a life estate deed, also known as a quitclaim deed,

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Spotlight: Wasserman

Fear Some

FEAR GETS A BAD RAP. From the old No Fear apparel line to mantras such as “only bad decisions come from fear,” our society seems to say that fear is always the creator of regrettable decisions. I disagree. I think we need to distinguish between irrational and rational fear. Irrational fear is worrying that all strangers are a threat or believing that stepping out of your comfort zone is too fraught with peril to make it worthwhile. By contrast, rational fear is what made the caveman long ago think twice about petting the sleeping tiger. Fear led to parachutes. In finance, a healthy amount of fear keeps people from betting the house on the latest get-rich-quick scheme. Fear of losing their never-failing stream of paychecks can motivate people to have savings, just in case. We give such decisions other names: caution, trepidation, appreciation of risk. But it still comes down to that shiver invoked by a “what if” scary thought. Rational fear keeps us from rushing in like fools. Thoughtful consideration is preferable if you have time, but fear can throw up the caution flag faster. Honestly, when you see the cop with a radar gun, do you consider the dangers of speeding and reflect on your duty as a member of the community to obey rules? Or is it your fear of a fine and insurance points that sends your foot crashing on the brake? We don’t like acknowledging fear because it signals that we don’t have complete control over our destiny and that there are outside forces perhaps too big to overcome by just staring them down. After the past year and a half, and the prolonged effects of people not heeding health warnings, my fear—rational, I’d argue—is that not enough people have learned the value of rational…
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Under the Influence

WE LIKE TO THINK we’re rational, especially when it comes to spending and investing. But in truth, all of us are susceptible to impulsive decision-making and unconscious persuasion. Result? We often end up wasting our hard-earned money. According to traditional economics—which depicts humans as conscious, rational decision-makers—this shouldn’t happen. But this traditional view has been under attack since the late 1800s, when Thorstein Veblen explored conscious irrational decisions, such as buying items simply to impress others. His research laid the groundwork for what has become known as behavioral economics. One of the field’s best known academics, Richard Thaler, won the 2017 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, in part for his work describing how people can be subtly “nudged” into making decisions. Building on this work, the emerging field of media literacy looks at how the media—in all its forms—is used to nudge people into making less-than-optimal economic choices. One of media literacy’s goals: empowering consumers to resist, or at least be aware of, such nudges. Here are five tricks used to influence our financial decisions: 1. Buying bling. Veblen was purportedly inspired to study behavioral economics because he saw a rich man strolling through a park with an ornate cane he didn’t need. Instead, the cane was clearly intended as a signal to others that he could afford such swag. Dubbing such acquisitions “honorific booty,” Veblen may have been the first to identify how we waste money just to say, “I’m better than you.” Few stop to think how such acquisitions—whether it’s a huge house or an annual extravagant vacation—come at the expense of a far more satisfying purchase: a well-financed retirement. 2. Price as quality. When the free market system was first described by Adam Smith more than 200 years ago, consumers were familiar with most of the products…
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Choice Words

AS WE MAKE FINANCIAL, political and other decisions, we’re bombarded with messages that supposedly offer helpful information. But as savvy consumers of news and advertising, we need to realize that we aren’t nudged just by the content of these messages. It’s also the packaging that can have a huge influence. Below are 21 ways that information is packaged to make it more enticing. Think of this list as a follow-up to my earlier article, Terms of the Trade, which has garnered almost 80,000 readers over the past year and is now used by many economics teachers. Ad hominem. Where folks attack not the competitions’ products or ideas, but the competitors themselves. “Look at how he dresses.” Anecdotal evidence. Using isolated examples as representative of most or all circumstances. “I know someone who once hopped on one foot at midnight and her warts went away.” If anecdotes are used that don’t accurately represent the overall situation, this is a sampling error. Complementarizing. Positioning a product or idea as “necessary” if you’re also consuming another product. Think about fries with a burger or matching shoes with a dress. “If you buy this base model car, you really won’t get all you can out of it without the deluxe sport package.” “If you believe we ought to do X, then you have to be for Y also.” Confirmation bias. Playing to consumers’ tendency to look for information that matches their already established beliefs. The consumers are then predisposed to accept the claim as true. “Of course, it’s better made. It was made in the U.S.” This is a major factor in today’s fragmented, polarized news consumption. Curation. Selectively picking information that puts something in the best light, while omitting other information that—while accurate—may cast a negative shadow. This is what just about everybody does…
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Too Clever by Half

I WAS EDITING a fellow graduate student’s paper. She’s in her mid-20s, less than half my age. She’s bright and communicates well in class discussion, but her paper—frankly—was a mess. Great ideas, but she expressed them in overly pretentious language. One bloviated sentence was more than 60 words. When I asked her why she did this, she said she wanted to “sound smart” by not using the same old words she normally uses. She worried that no one would take her seriously unless she adorned her ideas in the polysyllabic jargon of academia. I told her that, ironically, her convoluted writing was burying the great ideas she had. If I hadn’t been tasked to read her paper, I would have given up by page three. I explained that the best writing is when profound ideas are delivered in simple language. Nothing beats the maxim inscribed at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi and espoused by Socrates: “Know thyself.” Still, I had sympathy for my fellow student. My 20-something self would have done the same thing. We all feel the need to prove our worth to the greater world, even if it’s counterproductive. Seasoned coaches will tell you that trick plays win fans, but mastered fundamentals win championships. The same is true for money. We jump on the latest, hottest trick for making money, hoping to speed ahead of the traditional, boring-to-youth “spend less, save more” strategy. And when we do make financial progress, we want to be acknowledged, so we spend our wealth to show it off, never thinking how this demonstration of our financial smarts actually backfires. We get enough money for some personal freedom, but then we go for the overly large house with the overly large mortgage, and shackle ourselves with debt. We imagine the easy life…
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Enough Stuff

IT’S HARD TO IMAGINE writing about gifts when the perfect essay on the topic already exists. I can’t improve on Emerson’s sentiment that expensive but impersonal presents are not gifts but “apologies for gifts” or that the true gift is “a portion of thyself.” Still, I’m dismayed by the reaction to news that supply chain woes may negatively affect gift availability this holiday season. Naturally, retailers are worried. Some media outlets are reporting the lack of toys and other gifts in apocalyptic fashion, as though the absence of gifts could spoil, ruin or even completely derail the holiday celebrations. Consumerism is nothing new when it comes to holidays. But it seems that many now feel that gifts are the most important element of the holidays and perhaps the sole reason we come together. It’s as if many folks imagine the holidays were first created for gift exchange, rather than a commemoration from which gift-giving then evolved. For all of us, there’s one gift that’s always available to give: expressing appreciation for family and friends. For many of us, we already have the good fortune to possess the greatest of material goods: enough. That’s a crucial notion to keep in mind, especially if we celebrate the holidays with children, who will eagerly consume the values being served. To that end, please allow me—ironically, of course—to suggest one more item for your shopping list: A book that would make a great gift this season. Enough Stuff is about a village that every year goes on a crazed shopping spree—until a visitor tells them that they can’t seem to get enough. Unfamiliar with the word or idea, the villagers go on a mad frenzy to find and get enough, whatever it is. The story is an early reader book for ages six to 10.…
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Bad Guy on Line One

GOOD PARENTS WARN their children about predators who look to take advantage of them. By the same token, good adults should warn and safeguard their elderly parents, as well as the other seniors they care for. We all use our electronics for accessing information. We sometimes forget the information highway is two-way, and nefarious people use those lines of communication to get to the vulnerable. And it isn’t just about hacking online accounts. Often, elder abuse starts with a simple phone call. A recent scam illustrates the danger. Seniors received calls informing them that a beloved grandchild was in jail and needed bail money quickly. Told there was no time for formal niceties, the victims were talked into gathering cash that a courier would then pick up. This sounds suspicious to the removed observer, but it’s a common scam preying on seniors’ devotion to family. Whole networks are organized around this scam. A similar scam in Quebec, which recently resulted in four arrests, netted some $700,000. It’s not new. Ten years ago, my mother received a call from a scratchy, soft voice that said, “Hey grandma, it’s your favorite grandson.” My mother, coincidentally having a running joke with a grandchild about this, replied, “Michael?” “Yeah,” said the soft voice, who then went on to explain he had taken a quick trip to Mexico with friends, was being mistakenly held in jail, and needed cash to get out. Plausible, given our home location in Texas and Michael’s nature. Fortunately, my mother had been with Michael the day before and knew something was amiss with the call. These phone scams vary in form, but all have the same purpose. Many offer computer tech support at a discount price. Some say the elderly person is due cash back or a full refund. The…
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